On comparison of recycled LDPE and LDPE–bakelite composite based 3D printed patch antenna

In the past two decades number of studies have been reported on use thermoplastics as a substrate for 3D printed patch antennas. However, no work has thermoplastic-thermosetting composite-based antennas and their mechanical, morphological, rheological, radiofrequency (RF) characterization sensing applications. this study low-density polyethylene (LDPE) LDPE-5% bakelite (BAK) antenna (resonating frequency 2.45 GHz) were (for secondary recycling) fused deposition modeling (FDM) setup. The RF characteristics measured using vector network analyzer (VNA). Ring resonator test was used measuring dielectric properties substrates (which suggests that constant ([Formula: see text]) loss tangent LDPE 2.282 0.0045, whereas LDPE-5%BAK calculated [Formula: text] 2.0663, 0.0051 respectively). This highlights composite there marginal increase in size antenna; but resulted improved transmittance, gain, return typical sensor As regards to printability substrate, 5% BAK melt flow index (MFI) 9.96 g/10 min contrast 12.208 neat sample. selected peak strength (PS) break (BS) 16.08 MPa 14.47 (at 180 °C screw temperature, 110 rpm, 11 kg load) while processing with twin-screw extruder (TSE), which observed better than (PS 11.98 MPa, BS 10.79 MPa). results supported porosity (%), surface roughness (Ra) analysis based upon scanning electron microscopy (SEM) bond attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) analysis.